In the previous chapter we had learned about Autoworing. In this chapter, we will discuss about the different ways we can do the Autowiring. There are 5 modes in Autowiring but 3 specifiers are available.
Pictorial view of different Spring Autowiring modes
Now it is time to makes our hands dirty. We will use the same IPhone and Camera Example, we used in earlier chapter
Common Classes and Interfaces:
package com.example.autowire;
public interface ICamera
{
String getDescription();
String getMegaPixel();
}
package com.example.autowire;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class IPhone {
String version;
int ram;
String iosVersion;
ICamera camera;
public String getVersion() {
return version;
}
public void setVersion(String version) {
this.version = version;
}
public int getRam() {
return ram;
}
public void setRam(int ram) {
this.ram = ram;
}
public String getIosVersion() {
return iosVersion;
}
public void setIosVersion(String iosVersion) {
this.iosVersion = iosVersion;
}
public ICamera getCamera() {
return camera;
}
public void setCamera(ICamera camera) {
this.camera = camera;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "IPhone [version=" + version + ", ram=" + ram + "GB , iosVersion="
+ iosVersion + ", camera=" + camera + "]";
}
}
package com.example.autowire;
public class RearCamera implements ICamera{
private String description;
private String megaPixel;
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public void setMegaPixel(String megaPixel) {
this.megaPixel = megaPixel;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return description;
}
@Override
public String getMegaPixel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return megaPixel;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "RearCamera [description=" + description + ", megaPixel="
+ megaPixel + "]";
}
}
package com.example.autowire;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Manager
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("configFiles/IPhone.xml");
IPhone iphone = (IPhone) context.getBean("iphone");
System.out.println(iphone);
}
}
Example, byname
Spring try to match java property name with Spring bean Id. So, in this example IPhone has property name camera now Spring try to search Spring config file with bean id camera. It founds RearCamera and wire the same with IPhone.
In Spring-Config file: Spring Config file (IPhone.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="iphone" class="com.example.autowire.IPhone" autowire="byName">
<property name="version" value="IPhone6"/>
<property name="ram" value="2"/>
<property name="iosVersion" value="IOS6"/>
</bean>
<bean id="camera" class="com.example.autowire.RearCamera">
<property name="description" value="18-210 lens with Apperature f1.2"/>
<property name="megaPixel" value="1024px"/>
</bean>
</beans><
Output : IPhone [version=IPhone6, ram=2GB , iosVersion=IOS6, camera=RearCamera [description=18-210 lens with Apperature f1.2, megaPixel=1024px]]
In iphone bean, we use declare autowire=”byName”
Example, byType
Spring try to match datatype of java property name with Spring bean type. So, in this example IPhone has property name camera whose datatype is ICamera now. Spring try to search Spring config file type ICamera. It founds RearCamera as it implements ICamera, and wire the same with IPhone.
NB : If Multiple beans with same datatype present in Spring-config file fatal error occurred
In Spring-Config file: Spring Config file (IPhone.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="iphone" class="com.example.autowire.IPhone" autowire="byType">
<property name="version" value="IPhone6"/>
<property name="ram" value="2"/>
<property name="iosVersion" value="IOS6"/>
</bean>
<bean id="camera" class="com.example.autowire.RearCamera">
<property name="description" value="18-210 lens with Apperature f1.2"/>
<property name="megaPixel" value="1024px"/>
</bean>
</beans>
Output : IPhone [version=IPhone6, ram=2GB , iosVersion=IOS6, camera=RearCamera [description=18-210 lens with Apperature f1.2, megaPixel=1024px]]
In iphone bean, we use declare autowire=”byType”
Example, Constructor
Spring try to match datatype of java property name with Spring bean type. So, in this example IPhone has property name camera whose datatype is ICamera now Spring try to search Spring config file type ICamera. It founds RearCamera as it implements ICamera, and wire the same with IPhone.
NB : If Multiple beans with same Datatype present in Spring-config file, fatal error occurred
In Spring-Config file: Spring Config file (IPhone.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="iphone" class="com.example.autowire.IPhone" autowire="constructor">
<property name="version" value="IPhone6"/>
<property name="ram" value="2"/>
<property name="iosVersion" value="IOS6"/>
</bean>
<bean id="camera" class="com.example.autowire.RearCamera">
<property name="description" value="18-210 lens with Apperature f1.2"/>
<property name="megaPixel" value="1024px"/>
</bean>
</beans>
Java Code
package com.example.autowire;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class IPhone {
String version;
int ram;
String iosVersion;
ICamera camera;
public IPhone(ICamera camera)
{
this.camera=camera;
}
public String getVersion() {
return version;
}
public void setVersion(String version) {
this.version = version;
}
public int getRam() {
return ram;
}
public void setRam(int ram) {
this.ram = ram;
}
public String getIosVersion() {
return iosVersion;
}
public void setIosVersion(String iosVersion) {
this.iosVersion = iosVersion;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "IPhone [version=" + version + ", ram=" + ram + "GB , iosVersion="
+ iosVersion + ", camera=" + camera + "]";
}
}
Output : IPhone [version=IPhone6, ram=2GB , iosVersion=IOS6, camera=RearCamera [description=18-210 lens with Apperature f1.2, megaPixel=1024px]]
In iphone bean, we use declare autowire=”constructor”
Now, we will see if multiple beans are in Spring config and we Autowire by Type , then Spring throws any exception or not?
To replicate that problem, we will add another bean into Spring-config file. Let us call it, Front Camera.
Modified IPhone.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="iphone" class="com.example.autowire.IPhone" autowire="byType">
<property name="version" value="IPhone6"/>
<property name="ram" value="2"/>
<property name="iosVersion" value="IOS6"/>
</bean>
<bean id="camera" class="com.example.autowire.RearCamera">
<property name="description" value="18-210 lens with Apperature f1.2"/>
<property name="megaPixel" value="1024px"/>
</bean>
<bean id="fcamera" class="com.example.autowire.FrontCamera">
<property name="description" value="VGA camera"/>
<property name="megaPixel" value="480px"/>
</bean>
</beans>
New FrontCamera java class
package com.example.autowire;
public class FrontCamera implements ICamera{
private String description;
private String megaPixel;
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public void setMegaPixel(String megaPixel) {
this.megaPixel = megaPixel;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return description;
}
@Override
public String getMegaPixel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return megaPixel;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "RearCamera [description=" + description + ", megaPixel="
+ megaPixel + "]";
}
}
Output :
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'iphone' defined in class path resource [configFiles/IPhone.xml]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through bean property 'camera': : No qualifying bean of type [com.example.autowire.ICamera] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: camera,fcamera; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.example.autowire.ICamera] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: camera,fcamera at
Spring Container says that it founds two bean of same datatype. Now, container is confused about which one it takes. Be careful about this scenario when you set Autowire byType.
